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    • 专利摘要:
    “MULTIENERGY STORAGE DEVICE SYSTEM, METHOD OF ASSEMBLING A PROPULSION ENERGY SYSTEM AND LEGIBLE COMPUTER STORAGE MEDIA” The present invention generally relates to vehicle drive systems and, more specifically, to control a management system to optimize the life cycle of an energy storage device in a vehicle or non-vehicle system. The multi-energy storage device system comprises a first energy storage device (106) coupled to a direct current (DC) connection (116); a load coupled (118) to the DC link (116) and configured to receive power from the DC link; bidirectional stepper / lift converter assembly (110) comprising a first bidirectional stepper / lift converter; a second energy storage device (108) coupled to the first input channel (112) of the first bidirectional step-down / lift converter via a first DC bus, wherein the second energy storage device (108) has a storage span usable energy that defines a total amount of usable energy storable in the second energy storage device (108); a database (136) comprising stored information related to a known acceleration event, in which an energy supply for the load is desired; and a system controller configured to obtain stored information related to the known acceleration event.
    公开号:BR102012020043B1
    申请号:R102012020043-0
    申请日:2012-08-10
    公开日:2020-11-17
    发明作者:Robert Dean King；Irene Michelle Berry
    申请人:General Electric Company；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    FIELD OF THE INVENTION
    [001] The present invention generally relates to vehicle drive systems and, more specifically, to control an energy management system to optimize the life cycle of an energy storage device in a vehicle system or not. vehicle. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    [002] Electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles are typically powered by one or more energy storage devices, either alone or in combination with an internal combustion engine. In purely electric vehicles, the one or more energy storage devices moves the entire drive system, thereby eliminating the need for an internal combustion engine. Hybrid electric vehicles, on the other hand, include power from an energy storage device to supplement the power provided by an internal combustion engine, which greatly increases the fuel efficiency of the internal combustion engine and the vehicle. Traditionally, energy storage devices in electric or hybrid propulsion systems include batteries, ultracapacitors, steering wheels, or a combination of these elements to provide sufficient energy to power an electric motor.
    [003] When two or more energy sources are used to supply power to the drive system, the energy sources are typically well suited to supply different types of energy. A first energy source, for example, can be a large energy source that is more efficient for providing long-term power while a second energy source can be a more specific, large power source for providing short-term power. The large specific power source can be used to assist the large energy source in providing power to the system during, for example, acceleration or pulsed load events. Often, the specific large energy source has a charge / discharge life cycle that is shorter than the life cycle of the large energy source.
    [004] An approach to increase the life cycle of the large energy source may include increasing the size and / or energy efficiency of the source. However, increasing any of these parameters typically leads to an increase in the cost and weight of the large energy source and can potentially reduce acceleration rates if used in a vehicle application.
    [005] Therefore, it is desirable to provide a system that controls the flow of energy in a multisource system to optimize the cycle lives of the energies / energy sources used to deliver power to drive loads. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    [006] According to one aspect of the invention, a multi-energy storage device system includes a first energy storage device coupled to a direct current (DC) connection and a load coupled to the DC connection and configured to receive power from the connection CC. A bidirectional step-down / lift converter assembly includes a first bidirectional step-down / lift converter, wherein the first bidirectional step-down / lift converter comprises an output channel coupled to the DC link and comprises a first input channel. A second energy storage device is included coupled to the first input channel of the first bidirectional stepper / elevator converter via a first DC bus, wherein the second energy storage device has a usable energy storage range that defines a quantity total usable energy storable on the second energy storage device. The system also includes a system controller and a database that comprises stored information related to a known acceleration event in which a power supply to the load is desired. The system controller is configured to obtain the stored information related to the known acceleration event and, during the known acceleration event, to cause the first bidirectional step-down converter to increase the voltage of the second energy storage device and supply the voltage increased for the DC link to supply the load so that after the known acceleration event, the charge state of the second energy storage device is less or substantially equal to a minimum usable charge energy storage state.
    [007] According to another aspect of the invention, a method of assembling a propulsion power system includes coupling a first energy storage device to a direct current (DC) connection and coupling an output channel of a step-down converter assembly / bidirectional lift the DC link, where the stepper / bidirectional lift converter comprises a stepper / bidirectional lift converter. The method also includes coupling a second energy storage device to a first input channel of the bidirectional step-down converter and coupling a load to the DC link. The second energy storage device has a usable energy storage span that defines a total amount of usable energy usable in the second energy storage device, and the load is configured to receive energy from a first energy storage device and second energy storage device via the DC connection. The method additionally includes attaching a controller for the first and second energy storage devices, the bidirectional stepper / elevator converter, and the load and configuring the controller to obtain a first set of stored information from a storage database, the first set of stored information related to a known acceleration event in which energy is to be supplied to the load. The controller is also configured to cause the bidirectional step-down converter to increase the voltage stored in the second energy storage device during the known acceleration event and supply the increased voltage to the DC link to supply the load so that after the known acceleration event, the charge state of the second energy storage device is less than or substantially equal to a minimum usable charge energy storage state.
    [008] In accordance with yet another aspect of the invention, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that has a computer program stored in it and that represents a set of instructions that when executed by a computer causes the computer to access a a database comprising stored information related to a known acceleration event in which a power supply for a load is recorded to increase a rotation speed associated with the load. The instruction set also causes the computer to cause a bidirectional step-down converter to increase a first energy storage device and supply the increased voltage to a DC link to supply the load during the known acceleration event to increase speed of rotation associated with the load so that after the known acceleration event, the charge state of the first energy storage device is less than or substantially equal to a minimum usable charge energy storage state, where the first charge device Energy storage has a range of usable energy storage that defines a total amount of usable energy that can be stored in it.
    [009] Several other characteristics and advantages will be evident from the following detailed description and figures. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [010] The drawings illustrate preferred embodiments currently contemplated for carrying out the invention.
    [011] In the drawings: FIGURE 1 schematically illustrates an embodiment of a propulsion system according to an embodiment of the invention; FIGURE 2 schematically illustrates another embodiment of a propulsion system according to an embodiment of the invention; FIGURE 3 schematically illustrates another embodiment of a propulsion system according to an embodiment of the invention; FIGURE 4 schematically illustrates another embodiment of a propulsion system according to an embodiment of the invention; FIGURE 5 is a flow chart illustrating steps of the system controller procedure according to an embodiment of the invention; FIGURE 6 is a flow chart illustrating steps of the system controller procedure according to another embodiment of an embodiment of the invention. DESCRIPTION OF ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF THE INVENTION
    [012] Embodiments of the invention relate to vehicle and not vehicle applications. Vehicle applications can include pure electric or hybrid electric vehicle applications in, for example, on-road and off-road vehicles, golf carts, low-speed electric vehicles, forklifts, and utility trucks as examples. Non-vehicle applications may include types of non-vehicle loads that include pumps, fans, winches, cranes, or other motor driven loads. Although described with respect to vehicular applications, embodiments of the invention are not intended and are limited to such.
    [013] FIGURE 1 illustrates a propulsion system 100 according to an embodiment of the invention. The 100 propulsion system can be used in electric and hybrid vehicle applications. The vehicle propulsion system 100 includes a power system 102 and a system controller 104. The power system 102 includes a first energy storage device 106, a second energy storage device 108, and a step-down converter assembly. / elevator 110 which has an input channel 112 coupled to a bidirectional DC / DC stepper / elevator converter and which has an output channel 114 coupled to a DC link 116. The first energy storage device 106 is configured to have a large energy storage capacity, but has a lower moderate life cycle. The life cycle can be determined as a function of the depth of discharge / recharge levels of an energy storage device. The second energy storage device 108 has less energy storage capacity than the first energy storage device, but has a longer life cycle than the first energy storage device 106. Consequently, the number of energy cycles deep discharge and recharge for the second energy storage device 108 is greater than the number of equivalent deep discharge and recharge cycles of the first energy storage device 106, indicating that the second energy storage device 108 will have a longer service life than first energy storage device 106 when operated under equivalent conditions. Although the first energy storage device 106 is illustrated by a battery, other types of energy storage devices such as an ultracapacitor, a fuel cell, a steering wheel, or the like are also contemplated. Although the second energy storage device 108 is illustrated as an ultracapacitor, other types of energy storage devices such as a battery, fuel cell, steering wheel, or the like are also contemplated.
    [014] The first energy storage device 106 is coupled via DC connection 116 to a load 118, which, according to an embodiment of the invention, is an electric drive that includes a DC / AC Inverter 120 and a motor or device electromechanical 122. Motor 122 is preferably an AC motor, but is not limited to this. Although not shown, it is to be understood that each of a plurality of motors 122 can be coupled to a respective wheel or other load or that each motor 122 can be coupled to a differential to distribute rotary power to the wheels or other load.
    [015] Generally, in an acceleration operation mode, the voltage supplied by the first energy storage device 106, on a high voltage side 124 of the energy system 102, is supplied to the DC / AC inverter 120 via the connection DC 116 to drive motor 122. The bidirectional step-down converter 110 also acts by increasing the voltage supplied by a low voltage side 126 of the power system 102 to the high voltage side 124 of the power system 102. That is, the voltage of the second energy storage device 108 is supplied to the bidirectional step-down converter 110 via a bus 128 coupled to a first channel (a) on the low voltage side 126 of the power system 102. the voltage supplied is increased by the bidirectional step-down converter 110 so that the voltage supplied to the DC link 116 on the high-voltage side 124 of the power system 102 is increased to an operating level of the electric drive eccentric 118.
    [016] Voltage and current measurements at the DC link 116 are provided to the system controller 104 by a voltage measurement device 130 and a current measurement device 132, respectively. Measurements based on either or both the voltage measuring device 130 and the current measuring device 132 can be used by the system controller 104 to determine a state of charge (SOC) of the first energy storage device 106. Another device voltage measurement 134 provides voltage measurements from the second energy storage device 108 to the system controller 104 for determining its state of charge.
    [017] In accordance with embodiments of the invention, the system controller 104 is configured to control the energy flowing from and flowing into the first energy storage device 106 to optimize its life cycle. In this way, the life of the first energy storage device 106 can be extended, which results in fewer replacements and allows less efficient sources to be used which reduce the cost of the system.
    [018] The second energy storage device 108 has an upper or maximum usable SOC limit above which the amount of usable energy stored in it is not increased by continuous energy delivery to it. Other electrical parameter limits can also restrict the maximum usable value. The second energy storage device 108 also has a lower or minimum usable SOC limit below which any remaining stored energy is unable to be used for vehicle propulsion. Other electrical parameter limits, for example, reduced efficiency when operating at low SOC values, can also restrict the minimum usable value. An entire usable energy storage span of the second energy storage device 108 is the amount of energy storage between the upper and lower usable limits. If, for example, the second energy storage device 108 is an ultracapacitor, the usable energy is typically 75% of the ideal stored energy of the ultracapacitor when the device is operated from rated voltage to half the rated voltage of the ultracapacitor device, and therefore, the SOC minimum value limit must correspond to the operation at half the rated voltage.
    [019] The operation of the propulsion system 100 generally involves changing the speed of rotation of engine 122 through speed change events. In an acceleration mode of operation in which the motor rotation speed 122 is to be increased from zero or its current speed to a higher speed, the system controller 104 is programmed, according to embodiments of the invention, to combine the use of the two energy storage devices so that the entire usable storage energy of the second energy storage device 108 is used to reduce the amount of energy drain from the first energy storage device 106 during acceleration mode. In a deceleration operating mode where the speed of motor rotation 122 is to be decreased to zero or to a speed lower than its current speed, system controller 104 is programmed to operate electric drive 118 in a regenerative mode , in which power or electrical energy is returned to the DC 116 connection through the DC / AC 120 inverter during a regenerative braking event. According to embodiments of the invention, the system controller 104 causes regenerative braking energy to be delivered to the second energy storage device 108 and causes the second energy storage device 108 to store a maximum amount of usable energy the same. Therefore, the entire usable energy storage amplitude of the second energy storage device 108 is charged with energy during deceleration.
    [020] In order to use the entire usable stored energy in the second energy storage device 108, it is desirable to know a priori the periods of time that will occur acceleration and deceleration. The propulsion system 100 includes a database 136 configured to store information regarding historical or known acceleration and deceleration periods of the vehicle along a known route or in accordance with vehicle acceleration / deceleration trends. A vehicle position sensor 138 is configured to determine a vehicle position along a route based on position identifiers such as milestones, time of day, or global positioning system (GPS) location information, for example . Vehicle position information is related to acceleration events stored in database 136. Each acceleration and deceleration event in database 136 also contains information regarding the duration of the acceleration or deceleration event. In a non-vehicular realization, the known acceleration and deceleration periods can be stored information of events related to any energy demand to be supplied for a load such as the electric actuator 118 or for any energy supply of the load that can be captured and stored in energy storage devices 106, 108.
    [021] During acceleration mode, system controller 104 uses the vehicle position detected on vehicle position sensor 138 to locate the acceleration event in database 136 that corresponds to the vehicle position. Based on information from the acceleration event located in database 136, system controller 104 can determine the amount of time that acceleration will occur or can determine the amount of energy required for acceleration. Based on the acceleration time or amount of energy and based on a state of charge of the second energy storage device 108, the system controller 104 causes all or substantially all of the usable stored energy from the second energy storage device 108 to be supplied for connection DC 116 through step-down converter assembly 110 during the acceleration event. According to preferred embodiments, the SOC of the second energy storage device 108 is at or substantially close to the highest usable limit of the SOC at the start of the acceleration event and at or substantially close to the lowest usable limit at the end of the acceleration event. . In this way, the energy drain of the first energy storage device 106 is reduced during the acceleration event and decreases the SOC of the second energy storage device 108 to substantially close to the lowest usable limit (SOC), thereby reducing the amount of energy drain from the first energy storage device 106 during the acceleration event. Consequently, the discharge depth, as well as peak energy, of the first energy storage device 106 during the acceleration event is reduced, thereby reducing the depth of the discharge effects that can shorten the life cycle of the first storage device. of energy 106.
    [022] During the deceleration mode, the system controller 104 uses the vehicle position detected in the vehicle position sensor 138 to locate the deceleration event in database 136 that corresponds to the vehicle position. Based on the localized deceleration event information from database 136, system controller 104 can determine the amount of time the deceleration will occur or can determine the amount of energy that is expected to be generated. Based on the deceleration time or the amount of energy and based on a state of charge, the system controller 104 causes electric drive 118 to operate in regenerative mode and causes the second energy storage device 108 to capture and store a portion regenerative braking energy to fill the entire stored energy space usable during the deceleration event. According to preferred embodiments, the SOC of the second energy storage device 108 is brought to a SOC level or substantially close to the upper usable limit. In this way, the entire usable stored energy can be removed from it as described above during the next acceleration event. The first energy storage device 106 captures and stores a portion of the regenerative braking energy. A dynamic retarder 140 coupled to the DC link 116 can also be controlled to moderate the power levels or regenerative energy that develops at the DC link 116 when the electric drive 118 is operated at high power levels in regenerative mode or when the power level is above the limit that can be recharged for the two energy storage devices 106, 108 as during operation at relatively high SOC values of the two energy storage devices 106,108.
    [023] FIGURE 2 illustrates a propulsion system 142 according to another embodiment of the invention. The propulsion system 142 illustrates the application of the propulsion system 100 in an electric vehicle application. Elements and components common to traction systems 100 and 142 will be discussed with respect to the same reference numbers where appropriate.
    [024] As illustrated in FIGURE 2, the stepper / lift converter assembly 110 is a multi-step stepper / elevator converter assembly. That is, the stepper / lift converter set 110 includes first and second stepper converters / bidirectional DC / DC 144,146 that have respective input channels 112 and 148.0 first and second stepper converters / bidirectional DC / DC converters share the channel connection. output 114 for connection DC 116.
    [025] In addition to the common components 102 to 140 with propulsion system 100, power system 102 of propulsion system 142 includes a third energy storage device 150 coupled to a second channel 148 of step-down converter / lift 110. The third energy storage device 150 preferably has a specific high energy storage feature and, during a cruise or motorized operation mode, supplies power to the motor (s) 122. Generally, the bidirectional step-down / lift converter 110 acts by increasing the voltage supplied by the low voltage side 126 of the power system 102 to the high voltage side 124 of the power system 102. That is, the voltage of the third energy storage device 150 is supplied to a second channel 148 bidirectional lift / step-down converter 110 on the low voltage side 126 of the power system 102. The supplied voltage is increased by the converter bidirectional elevator / stepper 110 so that the voltage supplied for DC connection 116 on the high voltage side 124 of the power system 102 is increased to an operational level of the electric actuator 118.
    [026] The propulsion system 142 also includes a coupling device 152 configured to selectively couple channel 112 of the stepper / lift converter assembly 110 to channel 148 thereof. In the event that the stored power or energy usable by the second energy storage device 108 is exhausted (such as after an acceleration event), the coupling device 152 conducts so that the voltage of the third energy storage device 150 can be increased to the DC link voltage 116 using two channels (112 and 148) of the bidirectional step-down converter 110 allowing therefore approximately twice the rated power compared to a single channel of the bidirectional step-down converter 110 to facilitate the operation of the vehicle.
    [027] In one embodiment, coupling device 152 is a diode configured to automatically couple channels 112 and 148 of the two-way elevator / step-down converter 110 when the usable voltage of the second energy storage device 108 falls below the higher voltage limit. low. In another embodiment, the coupling device 152 includes a voltage sensor (not shown) and a contactor (not shown). In this embodiment, when the voltage of the second energy storage device 108 is detected to fall to or below the lower voltage limit, the system controller 104 can cause the contactor to close, thereby coupling channel 112 to channel 148. Implementations Coupling device alternatives 152 can also be implemented with power semiconductor device (s) that include Silicon Controller Rectifiers (SCRs) or a contactor.
    [028] FIGURE 3 illustrates another embodiment of the invention. The propulsion system 154 shown in FIGURE 3 illustrates a dual ultracapacitor realization of the propulsion system 142 of FIGURE 2. As shown in FIGURE 3, the first energy storage device 106 and the second energy storage device 108 are ultracapacitors and they are configured to provide additional power to the electric drive 118 during acceleration events and to capture regenerative braking energy during deceleration events.
    [029] In this embodiment, the first energy storage device 106 has greater energy efficiency than the second energy storage device 108, and its voltage corresponds to the voltage of the DC link 116. The voltage of the second energy storage device 108 is less than the DC link voltage 116 and is increased through the stepper / lift converter assembly 110 to the DC link voltage during acceleration events as described in this document. Since energy storage devices 106,108 are both ultracapacitors, the life cycle of the first energy storage device 106 may more closely correspond to the life cycle of the second energy storage device 108. However, in general, the first device energy storage device 106 is a larger and more expensive device than the second energy storage device 108 due to its increased energy efficiency. According to the embodiment of the invention, it remains an advantage to reduce the level of drainage depth of energy of the first power source device 106 both to increase its life and to avoid operation at substantially low voltage levels which should reduce system performance. drive 118. Consequently, system controller 104 operates as described in this document during acceleration events to utilize energy stored in the entire usable energy storage range of the second energy storage device 108 during known acceleration events. In addition, during known deceleration events, system controller 104 is also programmed to capture regenerative braking energy in the second energy storage device 108 to cause the second energy storage device 108 to store a maximum amount of usable energy in the same. Therefore, the entire usable energy storage range is charged with energy during deceleration.
    [030] FIGURE 4 illustrates another embodiment of the invention. The propulsion system 156 shown in FIGURE 4 includes components similar to the components shown in system 100 of FIGURE 1, and therefore numbers used to indicate the components in FIGURE 1 will also be used to indicate similar components in FIGURE 4.
    [031] As illustrated in FIGURE 4, the step-down / lift converter assembly 110 is a step-down / lift converter assembly. That is, the stepper / lift converter assembly 110 includes first and second stepper converters / bidirectional DC / DC converters 158, 160 that have respective input channels 112 and 162. The first and second stepper converters / bidirectional DC / DC converters share the output channel connection 114 to DC link 116.
    [032] In addition to the components 102 to 140 common with the propulsion system 100, the power system 102 of the propulsion system 156 includes an auxiliary power system 164 coupled to a second channel 162 of the bidirectional step-down converter 110 via a bus 166. The auxiliary power system 164 includes a thermal engine (or internal combustion engine) 168 coupled to an alternator driven by engine 170. Alternatively the thermal engine can be a gas turbine or any external combustion engine. Alternator 170 converts mechanical energy received from thermal motor 168 into AC power or energy and supplies AC power or energy to a rectifier assembly 172 configured to convert AC power or energy into DC power or energy to supply to bus 166. Alternatively, although not shown, a fuel cell can replace thermal engine 168 and alternator 170.
    [033] Auxiliary power system 164 includes one or more auxiliary load AC 174 controlled by one or more auxiliary load controls AC 176 coupled to alternator 170. Additionally, auxiliary power system 164 may include one or more auxiliary loads DC 178 controlled by one or more DC 180 auxiliary load controls, which may include DC / AC inverters coupled to AC auxiliary loads. The DC - AC drive can also include passive filter components to improve the quality of the electrical waveform. Auxiliary AC or DC loads may include, for example, an air conditioning unit, a pneumatic fluid or other compressor unit, a pump, a cooling fan, a heater, lights, and other electrical loads separate from the drive system. In one embodiment, thermal motor 168 and alternator 170 can be dimensioned to handle the maximum load required to operate all connected loads.
    [034] As described above, according to the embodiments of the invention, the system controller 104 causes the energy stored in the entire usable energy storage range of the second energy storage device 108 to be used during known acceleration events while uses energy stored in the first energy storage device 106. In addition, during known deceleration events, system controller 104 is also programmed to capture regenerative braking energy in the second energy storage device 108 to cause the second storage device 108 store a maximum amount of usable energy in it.
    [035] According to another embodiment of the invention, system controller 104 is configured to cause channel 162 of the bidirectional step-down converter 110 to convert auxiliary power system voltage 164 to provide extra acceleration power to assist the second energy storage device 108 or to provide extra acceleration power after the usable stored energy of the second energy source device 108 has been exhausted. Additionally, based on feedback from AC 176 auxiliary yoke controls and any DC 180 auxiliary load control, system controller 104 can determine which loads 174,178 are receiving power from alternator 170 and whether excess power is available or whether power additional thermal motor 168 and alternator 170 is required. If a sufficient amount of excess power is available without having to disconnect one or more loads 174, 178, then the system controller 104 can cause the bidirectional step-down converter 110 to increase the voltage available on bus 166 for acceleration .
    [036] However, if the system controller 104 determines that there is no excess power or that the excess power is not high enough to provide the necessary additional acceleration power, then the system controller 104 is configured to shut down or reduce the power consumption of one or more loads 174, 178 so that the power of thermal motor 168 and alternator 170 can be used to provide power for acceleration. That is, the system controller 104 can control the auxiliary load control controls AC or DC 176, 180 so that the loads 174, 178 respectively coupled consume less power from switch 170, thus releasing that power for use in conversion and acceleration .
    [037] In addition to providing additional acceleration power or energy as described above, the auxiliary power system 164 can also be used to provide power or charging energy to recharge the second energy storage device 108 or the first energy storage device energy 106. That is, system controller 104 can be configured to use the excess power or energy supplied by switch 170 during low power operation, for example, during constant speed or cruising mode, or non-propulsion moments (such as when the vehicle is stationary) increase excess power or energy to recharge the first energy storage device 106 by increasing control of the bidirectional step-down converter 158 or to recharge second energy storage device 108 by decreasing control of the bidirectional step-down converter 160 to reduce the auxiliary power increased.
    [038] The propulsion system 156 also includes a coupling device 182 configured to selectively couple channel 112 of the stepper / lift converter assembly 110 to channel 162 thereof. In the event that the usable power or energy stored by the second energy storage device 108 is exhausted (such as after an acceleration event), the coupling device 182 conducts so that the voltage of the auxiliary energy system 164 can be increased for the voltage of the DC link 116 using the two channels (112 and 162) of the stepper converter / bidirectional lift 110 where this allows approximately twice the rated energy compared to a single channel of the stepper converter / bidirectional lift 110 to facilitate the operation of the vehicle. In one embodiment, coupling device 182 is a diode configured to automatically couple channels 112 and 162 of the bidirectional step-down / lift converter 110 when the usable voltage of the second energy storage device 108 falls below the lower voltage limit. In another embodiment, coupling device 182 includes a voltage sensor (not shown) and a contactor (not shown). In this embodiment, when it is detected that the voltage of the second energy storage device 108 drops to or below the lowest usable SOC limit, the system controller 104 can cause the contactor to close, therefore, by coupling channel 112 to channel 162. Alternative implementations of the coupling device 152 can also be implemented with power semiconductor device (s) that include Silicon Controller Rectifiers (SCRs) or a contactor.
    [039] Referring now to FIGURE 5, a flow chart 184 describing an algorithm for operating the system controller 104 according to an embodiment of the invention is shown. In step 186, the system controller determines the current or next acceleration or deceleration event. For example, based on a vehicle position measurement received from a position measurement device, such as vehicle position sensor 138, or based on a time or distance measurement, the vehicle's position or location can be determined by along a known route. The vehicle's position or location may indicate an upcoming acceleration or deceleration event or may indicate that the vehicle may be in the acceleration or deceleration event. Data corresponding to the current or near acceleration / deceleration event is obtained from a database of this information stored in step 188. The event data may include, for example, an event time duration as well as expected power requirements is used or generated by a load or generator during the event.
    [040] If the current or next event is an acceleration event 190, controller 104 is configured to make the energy of the usable energy storage amplitude of the storage device with the longest energy life cycle, such as the second energy storage device 108, is fully delivered during the acceleration event in step 192. In this step, the energy from the usable energy storage amplitude is used or depleted during the acceleration event. That is, before the acceleration event, it is contemplated that the second energy storage device 108 has a state of charge equal to or substantially equal to its upper usable SOC limit. Consequently, during the acceleration event, the system controller 104 is programmed to cause the second energy storage device 108 to deliver all of its stored usable energy so that, at the end of the acceleration event, the charge state of the second energy storage device 108 is equal to or substantially equal to its lowest usable limit (SOC).
    [041] In step 194, controller 104 is configured to determine whether additional energy is needed from other energy storage devices or by controlling auxiliary loads (such as the embodiment shown in FIGURE 4) during the acceleration event. This can be determined based on the data obtained that correspond to the acceleration event together with the energy ratings of the energy storage devices in the system, for example. If additional energy 196 is required, controller 104 causes energy from additional storage devices to be delivered during the acceleration event in step 198. This additional energy is therefore after the usable storage energy of the storage device is exhausted. high life cycle.
    [042] After the acceleration event or if additional energy 200 is not required, the process control returns to step 186, and the operating algorithm continues as described above as the vehicle continues to travel along the known route.
    [043] If the current or next event is a deceleration event 202, controller 104 is configured to have regenerative energy stored in the longest-lived energy storage device, such as the second energy storage device 108, during the deceleration event in step 204. Regenerative energy can be generated by operating the electric actuator 118 in a regenerative mode during the deceleration event, in which the power or electrical energy is returned to the DC link 116 through the DC Inverter / AC 120. In this step, regenerative energy completely replenishes or fills the entire usable energy storage span of the storage device. That is, before the deceleration event, it is contemplated that the second energy storage device 108 has a state of charge lower than its lowest usable SOC limit. Consequently, during the deceleration event, the system controller 104 is programmed to cause the second energy storage device 108 to replenish or completely fill its usable stored energy so that, at the end of the deceleration event, the state of charge of the second energy storage device 108 is equal to or substantially the same as its highest SOC usable limit.
    [044] In step 206, controller 104 is configured to determine whether additional regenerative energy is available, and if so 208, controller 104 causes regenerative energy to be delivered and stored in additional system energy storage devices during the event deceleration in step 210. After the deceleration event or if additional regenerative energy is not available 212, the process control returns to step 186, and the operation algorithm continues as described above while the vehicle continues to travel along the route known.
    [045] FIGURE 6 illustrates a flow chart 214 that describes an algorithm of operation of the system controller 104 according to another embodiment of the invention. Although flowchart 184 above describes an embodiment where the stored and delivered energy from the longest-lived energy storage device is used before storing and using the energy from the shortest life-saving energy storage device, flowchart 214 describes a realization where energy storage devices with longer and shorter life cycles are used simultaneously. In step 216, the system controller determines the current or near acceleration or deceleration event. For example, based on a vehicle position measurement received from a position measurement device, such as vehicle position sensor 138, or based on a time or distance measurement, the vehicle's position or location over a known route can be determined. The vehicle's position or location may indicate an upcoming acceleration or deceleration event or may indicate that the vehicle may be in the acceleration or deceleration event. Data corresponding to the near or current acceleration / deceleration event are obtained from a database of this information stored in step 218. The event data may include, for example, an event time duration as well as expected energy requirements is used or generated by a load or generator during the event.
    [046] If the current or next event is an acceleration event 220, controller 104 is configured to make the energy of the usable energy storage amplitude from the longer and shorter life cycle energy storage devices, such as the first and second energy storage devices 106 and 108, be completely delivered during the acceleration event in step 222. In this step, the energy from the energy storage range usable in the longer life cycle energy storage device is used or depleted during the acceleration event while energy from the shorter life cycle energy storage device is supplied at a lower rate than if used alone. During the acceleration event, system controller 104 is programmed to cause the first energy storage device 106 to deliver a portion of its usable energy stored simultaneously with a delivery of all usable energy stored in the second energy storage device. 108 so that, at the end of the acceleration event, the charge state of the second energy storage device 108 is equal to or substantially equal to its lowest usable limit (SOC).
    [047] After the acceleration event, the process control returns to step 216, and the operating algorithm continues as described above while the vehicle continues to travel along the known route.
    [048] If the current or next event is a 224 deceleration event, controller 104 is configured to cause regenerative energy to be stored simultaneously in the longest and shortest life cycle energy storage devices, such as the first and according to energy storage devices 106 and 108, during the deceleration event in step 226. Regenerative energy can be generated by operating the electric actuator 118 in a regenerative mode during the deceleration event, in which the power or electrical energy is returned for the DC 116 connection via the DC / AC 120 Inverter. In this step, the regenerative energy replenishes or completely fills the entire usable energy storage span of the storage device. That is, before the deceleration event, it is contemplated that the second energy storage device 108 has a state of charge lower than its lowest usable limit (SOC). Consequently, during the deceleration event, the system controller 104 is programmed to cause the second energy storage device 108 to replenish or completely fill its usable stored energy so that, at the end of the deceleration event, the state of charge of the second energy storage device 108 is equal to or substantially the same as its upper SOC usable limit. Controller 104 also causes regenerative energy to be delivered and stored in additional system energy storage devices during the deceleration event in step 226. After the deceleration event, the process control returns to step 216, and the algorithm of operation continues as described above while the vehicle continues to travel along the known route.
    [049] A person skilled in the art will assess that the system controller 106 can be implemented through a plurality of components such as one or more electronic components, hardware components and / or computer software components. These components can include one or more tangible computer-readable storage media that generally store instructions such as software, firmware and / or assembly language to perform one or more parts of one or more implementations or achievements. Examples of a tangible computer-readable storage medium include a recordable data storage medium and / or mass storage device. This tangible computer-readable storage medium may employ, for example, one or more of a magnetic, electrical, biological, and / or atomic data storage medium. In addition, this medium can take the form of, for example, floppy disks, magnetic tapes, CD-ROMs, DVD-ROMs, hard disk controllers, and / or electronic memory. Other forms of tangible computer-readable storage media not listed can be employed with embodiments of the invention.
    [050] A number of these components can be combined or divided into an implementation of the systems described in this document. In addition, these components may include a set and / or series of computer instructions written or implemented with any of a number of programming languages, as will be assessed by those skilled in the art.
    [051] A technical contribution to the revealed method and apparatus provides a computer-implemented device capable of optimizing the battery life cycle of a vehicle or non-vehicle system.
    [052] Therefore, according to an embodiment of the invention, a multi-energy storage device system includes a first energy storage device coupled to a direct current (DC) connection and a load coupled to the DC connection and configured to receive energy the DC connection. A bidirectional step-down / lift converter assembly includes a first bidirectional step-down / lift converter, wherein the first bidirectional step-down / lift converter comprises an output channel coupled to the DC link and comprises a first input channel. A second energy storage device is included coupled to the first input channel of the first bidirectional stepper / elevator converter via a first DC bus, wherein the second energy storage device has a usable energy storage range that defines a quantity total usable energy storable on the second energy storage device. The system also includes a system controller and a database that comprises stored information related to a known acceleration event in which a power supply to the load is desired. The system controller is configured to obtain the stored information related to the known acceleration event and, during the known acceleration event, to cause the first bidirectional step-down converter to increase the voltage of the second energy storage device and supply the voltage increased for the DC link to supply the load so that after the known acceleration event, the charge state of the second energy storage device is less or substantially equal to a minimum usable charge energy storage state.
    [053] According to another embodiment of the invention, a method for assembling a propulsion power system includes coupling a first energy storage device to a direct current (DC) connection and coupling an output channel of a step-down converter assembly / bidirectional lift the DC link, in which the stepper / bidirectional lift converter comprises a stepper / bidirectional lift converter. The method also includes coupling a second energy storage device to a first input channel of the bidirectional step-down converter and coupling a load to the DC link. The second energy storage device has a usable energy storage span that defines a total amount of usable energy usable in the second energy storage device, and the load is configured to receive energy from a first energy storage device and second energy storage device via the DC connection. The method additionally includes attaching a controller to the first and second energy storage devices, the bidirectional step-down / elevator converter, and the load and configuring the controller to obtain a first set of stored information from a storage database, the first set stored information related to a known acceleration event in which power is supplied to the load. The controller is also configured to cause the bidirectional step-down converter to increase a voltage stored in the second energy storage device during the known acceleration event and supply the increased voltage to the DC link to supply the load so that after the known acceleration event, the charge state of the second energy storage device is less than or substantially equal to a minimum usable charge energy storage state.
    [054] According to yet another embodiment of the invention, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that has a computer program stored on it and that represents a set of instructions that when executed by a computer causes the computer to access a a database comprising stored information related to a known acceleration event in which a power supply for a load is recorded to increase a rotation speed associated with the load. The instruction set will also cause the computer to cause a bidirectional step-down / step-up converter to increase a first energy storage device and provide the increased voltage for a DC connection to supply the load during the known acceleration event to increase the speed of rotation associated with the charge so that after the known acceleration event, the charge state of the first energy storage device is less than or substantially equal to a minimum usable charge energy storage state, where the first storage device of energy has a range of usable energy storage that defines a total amount of usable energy that can be stored in it.
    [055] Although the invention has been described in detail in connection with only a limited number of embodiments, it should be readily understood that the invention is not limited to these disclosed embodiments. Instead, the invention can be modified to incorporate any number of variations, alterations, substitutions or equivalent arrangements not described so far, but which are commensurate with the spirit and scope of the invention. In addition, although various embodiments of the invention have been described, it should be understood that aspects of the invention may include only some of the described embodiments. Consequently, the invention is not to be seen as limited by the above description, but is limited only by the scope of the appended claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (22)
    [0001]
    1. MULTIENERGY STORAGE DEVICE SYSTEM, comprising: a first energy storage device (106) coupled to a direct current connection (116); a load (118) coupled to the DC link (116) and configured to receive power from the DC link (116); a bidirectional step-down / lift converter assembly (110) comprising a first bidirectional step-down / elevator converter, the first bidirectional step-down / lift converter comprising an output channel (114) coupled to the DC link (116) and comprising a first entrance (112); a second energy storage device (108) coupled to the first input channel (112) of the first bidirectional step-down / lift converter via a first DC bus, wherein the second energy storage device (108) has a storage span usable energy that defines a total amount of usable energy storable in the second energy storage device (108); a database (136) comprising stored information related to a known acceleration event, in which an energy supply for the load (118) is desired; and a system controller (104) configured to: obtain stored information related to the known acceleration event; and during the known acceleration event, cause the first bidirectional step-down / step-up converter to increase the voltage of the second energy storage device (108) and supply the increased voltage to the DC link (116) to supply the load (118) so that after the known acceleration event, the charge state of the second energy storage device (108) is less than or equal to a minimum usable charge energy storage state, characterized by the first bidirectional step-down / step-down converter and raise incoming voltages so as to supply voltage to a high voltage side (124) and a low voltage side (126) of the multi-energy storage device system; and the first two-way elevator / step-down converter is coupled to the DC connection (116) on the high voltage side (124) of the multi-energy storage device system and the second energy storage device (108) is coupled to the first input channel ( 112) of the first bidirectional step-down / step-up converter on the low voltage side (126) of the multi-energy storage device system.
    [0002]
    2. SYSTEM according to claim 1, characterized in that the first energy storage device (106) has a shorter life cycle than that of the second energy storage device (108).
    [0003]
    SYSTEM, according to claim 2, characterized in that the first energy storage device (106) comprises a battery; and the second energy storage device (108) comprises an ultracapacitor.
    [0004]
    A system according to claim 2, characterized in that the first energy storage device (106) comprises an ultracapacitor; and the second energy storage device (108) comprises an ultracapacitor.
    [0005]
    5. SYSTEM, according to claim 1, characterized by the extent of usable energy storage being limited by a usable charge state limit and a lower usable limit; and by the system controller (104), being configured to cause the first bidirectional stepper / elevator converter to increase the voltage in the second energy storage device (108), be configured to cause the first bidirectional stepper / elevator converter increase the voltage on the second energy storage device (108) until the charge state of the second energy storage device (108) has reached the lower usable limit.
    [0006]
    6. SYSTEM, according to claim 1, characterized in that the system controller (104) is additionally configured to cause the first energy storage device (106) to deliver energy to the DC connection (116) to supply the load (118) during the known acceleration event.
    [0007]
    7. SYSTEM, according to claim 6, characterized by the system controller (104), being configured to cause the first energy storage device (106) to deliver energy to the DC connection (116), be configured to cause the first energy storage device (106) to deliver power to the DC link (116) simultaneously while power is being delivered from the second energy storage device (108) during the known acceleration event.
    [0008]
    8. SYSTEM, in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the database (136) additionally comprises stored information related to a known deceleration event; and wherein the system controller (104) is additionally configured to: obtain stored information related to the known deceleration event; and during the known deceleration event: having the first two-way elevator / step-down converter deliver regenerative braking energy to the second energy storage device (108); and causing the second energy storage device (108) to store regenerative braking energy so that after the known deceleration event, the energy stored in the second energy storage device (108) is equal to the usable energy storage amplitude .
    [0009]
    SYSTEM, according to claim 8, characterized in that the extent of usable energy storage is limited by a limit of usable charge state and a lower usable limit; and wherein the system controller (104), being configured to cause the second energy storage device (108) to store regenerative braking energy, is configured to cause the second energy storage (108) to store energy regenerative braking until the charge state of the second energy storage device (108) has reached the highest usable limit.
    [0010]
    10. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the bidirectional lowering / lifting converter assembly additionally comprises a second bidirectional lowering / elevator converter comprising a second input channel (148) and comprising an output channel (114) coupled to the DC connection (116); further comprising a third energy storage device (150) coupled to the second bidirectional step-down / step-up converter; and wherein the system controller is additionally configured to cause the second bidirectional step-down / step-up converter to increase a voltage from the third energy storage device (150) and supply the increased voltage to the DC link (116) to supply the load during an operating mode outside the acceleration event.
    [0011]
    11. SYSTEM, according to claim 1, characterized in that the bidirectional step-down / lift converter assembly additionally comprises a second step-up / step-down converter comprising a second input channel (148) and comprising an output channel (114) coupled to the DC connection (116); further comprising an auxiliary system coupled to the second input channel (148), wherein the auxiliary system comprises: an auxiliary power source (164); an auxiliary load (174); and an auxiliary load controller (164) coupled to the auxiliary power source (164) and the auxiliary load (174); and wherein the system controller (104) is further configured to cause the second bidirectional step-down / step-up converter to increase a voltage of the auxiliary power source (164) during the known acceleration event.
    [0012]
    12. SYSTEM, according to claim 11, characterized in that the system controller (104) is additionally configured to cause the auxiliary load controller (164) to reduce energy consumption by the auxiliary load (174) during the acceleration event known.
    [0013]
    13. SYSTEM, according to claim 11, characterized in that the system controller (104) is additionally configured to: cause the second bidirectional step-down / step-up converter to increase a voltage of the auxiliary power source (164); cause the first bidirectional step-down / step-down converter to decrease the increased voltage; and causing the second energy storage device (108) to store the decreased voltage.
    [0014]
    14. SYSTEM, according to claim 1, characterized in that the load (118) comprises a DC / AC inverter (120) coupled to the DC connection (116); and an electromechanical device (122) coupled to the DC / AC inverter (120).
    [0015]
    15. METHOD OF ASSEMBLING A PROPULSION ENERGY SYSTEM, comprising: coupling a first energy storage device (106) to a direct current connection (116); coupling an output channel (162) of a bidirectional step-down converter / lift assembly to the DC link (116), where the step-up step / elevator converter is configured to lower and raise incoming voltages, in order to supply voltage to a high side voltage (124) and to a low voltage side (126) of the propulsion power system; coupling a second energy storage device (108) to a first input channel (148) of the bidirectional step-down converter, where the second energy storage device (108) has a usable energy storage range that defines a total amount of usable energy storable in the second energy storage device (108); coupling a load (118) to the DC connection (116), the load (118) being configured to receive energy from one of the first energy storage device (106) and second energy storage device (108) via the DC connection ( 116); coupling a controller (104) to the first and second energy storage devices (106, 108), the bidirectional step-down / lift converter, and the load (118); and configuring the controller (104) to: obtain a first set of stored information from a storage database (136), the first set of stored information related to a known acceleration event in which power is supplied to the load ( 118); and cause the bidirectional step-down converter to increase the voltage stored in the second energy storage device (108) during the known acceleration event and supply the increased voltage to the DC link (116) to supply the load (118) of so that after the known acceleration event, the charge state of the second energy storage device (108) is less than or equal to a minimum usable charge energy storage state; characterized by the step of coupling the first bidirectional step-down / lift converter comprising coupling the first bidirectional step-down / lift converter to the DC connection (116) on the high voltage side (124) of the propulsion power system; and the step of coupling the second energy storage device (108) comprises coupling the second energy storage device (108) to the first input channel (112) of the first bidirectional step-down / lift converter on the low voltage side (126) of the propulsion power system.
    [0016]
    16. METHOD, according to claim 15, characterized in that it further comprises configuring the controller (104) to: obtain a second set of stored information from a storage database (136), the second set of stored information related to a known deceleration event in which energy is supplied to the load (118); and causing the second energy storage device (108) to store at least part of the energy supplied to the load (118) during the known deceleration event, so that after the known deceleration event, the energy stored in the second device of energy storage (108) is equal to the maximum usable energy storage of the second energy storage device (108).
    [0017]
    17. METHOD, according to claim 16, characterized in that it further comprises configuring the controller (104) to make the first energy storage device (106) store at least part of the energy supplied by the load (118) during the known deceleration event.
    [0018]
    18. METHOD according to claim 15, characterized in that it further comprises configuring the controller (104) to cause the first energy storage device (106) to deliver power to the DC connection (116) to supply the load (118) during the known acceleration event.
    [0019]
    19. A method according to claim 15, characterized in that the first energy storage device (106) comprises a battery having a first life cycle; and the second energy storage device (108) comprises an ultracapacitor having a second life cycle greater than that of the battery.
    [0020]
    20. LEGIBLE STORAGE MEDIA BY COMPUTER, non-transitory, characterized by having a computer program stored on it and comprising a set of instructions that when executed by a computer makes the computer: access a database (136) that includes information stored in connection with a known acceleration event in which a power supply for a load (118) is recorded to increase a rotation speed associated with the load (118); cause a bidirectional step-down / step-up converter to increase the voltage of a first energy storage device (106) and supply the increased voltage to a DC link (116) to supply the load (118) during the known acceleration event to increase the speed of rotation associated with the load (118) so that after the known acceleration event, the state of charge of the first energy storage device (106) is less than or equal to a minimum state of usable energy storage of charge , wherein the first energy storage device (106) has a usable energy storage span that defines a total amount of usable energy usable therein.
    [0021]
    21. MEANS, according to claim 20, characterized by the set of instructions additionally to make the computer: access the database (136) that comprises stored information related to a known deceleration event in which a power supply from a load (118) for the DC connection (116) is recorded to reduce the rotation speed associated with the load (118); cause the bidirectional step-down converter to reduce the load's power supply (118) and supply reduced power to the first energy storage device (106) for storage so that after the known deceleration event, the energy stored in the first energy storage device (106) causes the charge state of the first energy storage device (106) to equal a maximum usable charge energy storage state.
    [0022]
    22. MEANS, according to claim 21, characterized by the set of instructions additionally causing the computer: to cause the second energy storage device (108) to supply voltage to the DC connection (116) to supply the load (118) during the known acceleration event after the state of charge of the first energy storage device (106) has reached a minimum usable energy storage state of charge, wherein the second energy storage device (108) has a lower life cycle than the life cycle of the first energy storage device (106); and cause the second energy storage device (108) to store charge energy (118) during the known deceleration event after the charge status of the first energy storage device (106) has reached the maximum storage state of usable charge energy.
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    法律状态:
    2013-11-12| B03A| Publication of a patent application or of a certificate of addition of invention [chapter 3.1 patent gazette]|
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    2020-07-28| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2020-08-11| B09X| Decision of grant: republication|
    2020-11-17| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 10/08/2012, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
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